Construction and performance of an NMR tube with a sample cavity formed within magnetic susceptibility-matched glass

We describe the construction and performance of an NMR tube with a magnetic susceptibility matched sample cavity that confines the solution within the detection zone in the axial direction and in a quasi-rectangular region in the radial direction. The slot-like sample cavity provides both good sample volume efficiency and tolerance to sensitivity loss in the sample space. The signal-to-noise ratio per unit volume of the constructed tube was 2.2 times higher than that of a cylindrical tube of 5mm outer diameter with a sample containing 300 mM NaCl at a static magnetic field of 14.1T. Even the overall signal-to-noise ratio of the slot tube was 35% higher than that of the conventional 5mm tube for a sample containing 300 mM NaCl. Similar improvements over existing sample tube geometries were obtained at 950 MHz. Moreover the temperature rise resulting from RF heating was found to be significantly lower for the slot tube even when compared to 3 and 4mm outer diameter cylindrical tubes as measured in a 5mm cryoprobe. A further advantage of this type of tube is that a sample cavity of any desired size and shape can be formed within a cylindrical tube for use in a single cryogenic probe.     

银-组氨酸配合物-蒙脱石抗菌剂的制备及抗菌活性

以银-组氨酸配位阳离子[Ag(His)]⁺为前驱体, 采用水热离子交换法制备了抗变色耐盐性的新型银-组氨酸配合物-蒙脱石抗菌剂(SHMMT). 用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP)测定了抗菌剂的载银量, 用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和热重-差热分析仪(TG-DTA)表征了抗菌剂的结构, 用平板计数法测试了SHMMT对交替假单胞菌(Pseudoalteromonas carrageenovora)的抗菌活性, 通过海水浸泡实验对抗菌剂的耐盐性和缓释性进行了测试. 结果表明, 当组氨酸与Ag⁺的摩尔比为1:1时, SHMMT抗菌剂的载银量高达1.7 mmol/g, 远大于蒙脱石(Na-MMT)的阳离子交换容量. 该产品为白色粉末, 具有很强的抗变色能力和抗菌活性. SHMMT在海水中浸泡45 d后杀菌率仍达80%, 耐盐性和缓释性良好, 是一种用途广泛的环保型抗菌材料.     

灰绿藜耐盐基因CgNHX转导新疆陆地棉的初步研究

以新疆陆地棉为实验材料,通过花粉管通道法向优质棉花高代材料中导入了灰绿藜耐盐基因CgNHX．经过三年连续转导的结果显示：①大田注射期间的天气状况对转导成功影响较大．当昼夜温差较大且有露水时,花和铃的状态较好,导致结铃率、卡那霉素检测阳性率增加;②棉叶基因组DNA的提取质量与棉叶采后冷藏的时间有一定相关性．采后一周内提取的棉叶DNA质量较好,PCR检测获得30％的阳性率,而两周及以后的棉叶DNA质量降低,PCR检测未获得阳性结果;③在mRNA水平上检测转基因植株的表达较为困难．本实验中PCR检测阳性的30份样品,在RT—PCR检测中均未获得目的基因的明显特异扩增条带,只有部分样品在目的条带的位置出现弥散带型．本研究初步显示外源基凶CgNHX已导入棉花受体中,但其表达情况还需进一步检测验证．     

A new BOD estimation method employing a double-mediator system by ferricyanide and menadione using the eukaryote Saccharomyces cerevisiae

A new biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) sensing method employing a double-mediator (DM) system coupled with ferricyanide and a lipophilic mediator, menadione and the eukaryote Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been developed. In this study, a stirred micro-batch-type microbial sensor with a 560 μL volume and a two-electrode system was used. The chronamperometric response of this sensor had a linear response between 1 μM and 10 mM hexacyanoferrate(II) (r² = 0.9995, 14 points, n = 3, average of relative standard deviation and R.S.D._av = 1.3%). Next, the optimum conditions for BOD estimation by the DM system (BOD_DM) were investigated and the findings revealed that the concentration of ethanol, used to dissolve menadione, influenced the sensor response and a relationship between the sensor output and glucose glutamic acid concentration was obtained over a range of 6.6-220 mg O₂ L⁻¹ (five points, n = 3, R.S.D._av 6.6%) when using a reaction mixture incubated for 15 min. Subsequently, the characterization of this sensor was studied. The sensor responses to 14 pure organic substances were compared with the conventional BOD₅ method and other biosensor methods. Similar results with the BOD biosensor system using Trichosporon cutaneum were obtained. In addition, the influence of chloride ion, artificial seawater and heavy metal ions on the sensor response was investigated. A slight influence of 20.0 g L⁻¹ chloride ion and artificial seawater (18.4 g L⁻¹ Cl⁻) was observed. Thus, the possibility of BOD determination for seawater was suggested in this study. In addition, no influence of the heavy metal ions (1.0 mg L⁻¹ Fe³⁺, Cu²⁺, Mn²⁺, Cr³⁺ and Zn²⁺) was observed. Real sample measurements using both river water and seawater were performed and compared with those obtained from the BOD₅ method. Finally, stable responses were obtained for 14 days when the yeast suspension was stored at 4 °C (response reduction, 93%; R.S.D. for 6 testing days, 9.1%).     

Absorption-based highly sensitive and reproducible biochemical oxygen demand measurement method for seawater using salt-tolerant yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae ARIF KD-003

Salt-tolerant yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae ARIF KD-003 was applied to highly sensitive and reproducible absorbance-based biochemical oxygen demand (BOD_AB-ScII) measurement for seawater. In the previous work, we have studied the BOD_AB-ScI method using normal Baker's yeast S. cerevisiae, and the excellent feature of the Baker's yeast as uniformly sustainable in solution could successfully be utilized. However, the BOD_AB-ScI responses were disappeared by the existence of chloride ion as well as seawater. In the present method, uniformity in solution was also observed with S. cerevisiae ARIF KD-003, and salt-tolerance of the yeast was observed even in saturate concentration of sodium chloride. Next, characterizations of the influences of pH and incubation temperature were investigated. After optimum conditions were obtained, two calibration curves were made between 0.33 and 22 mg O₂ L⁻¹ BOD using standard solution of glucose glutamic acid (GGA) or mixture of GGA and artificial seawater. Then, excellent reproducibility as the averages of relative standard deviation (R.S.D._av) in two calibration curves (nine points each) was successfully obtained at 1.10% at pure water or 1.03% at artificial seawater standard, respectively. In addition, the 3σ lower detection limit was calculated to be 0.07 mg O₂ L⁻¹ BOD, and 0.11 mg O₂ L⁻¹ BOD was experimentally detected by increase of the sample volume at 1.5-folds. The storage stability of the S. cerevisiae ARIF KD-003 was obtained at least 4 weeks.